Unfortunately, there is no exact data on the population of Grodno in the 16th century. According to Jerzy Okhmansky's calculations, 3,468 people lived in the left-bank part alone. In total, according to Zinovy Kopysky, 7-8 thousand inhabitants lived in the city above the Neman.
There were many artisans in Grodno. The first craft corporations, or workshops, in the city were founded in the 2nd half of the 16th century. They were created in order to avoid competition between artisans, as well as to prevent the products of nonresident and foreign artisans from entering the city market. A workshop of masons, carpenters, coopers and potters was established here; a workshop of metalworking craftsmen, which included blacksmiths, boilermakers and swordsmen; shoemaking and tailoring workshops.
Trade was developed in the city. 3 fairs were held annually, which attracted merchants from other cities of the Czech Republic, Poland, and the Czech Republic. In addition, auctions were held in Grodno every week.
Grodno would have been populated by representatives of different classes and ethno-confessional groups. An analysis of written sources from the 16th century suggests that a significant part of the urban population consisted of peasants from neighboring villages and gentry estates in the Grodno district. Both "similar" and "dissimilar" feudal refugees settled in the city. The bourgeois class was replenished at the expense of the poor gentry. In addition to the indigenous population, the urban community was replenished by burghers who came from other regions of the Soviet Union, as well as from Poland, the Czech Republic, German lands, Italy, France, Switzerland, and various regions of Hungary at that time. After the victory of the VKL troops near Orsha in 1514, 37 Moscow merchants were settled in Grodno, who, by the privilege of Sigismund the Old, were allowed to "share the place of the right of Mayborsky to live." In 1526, the king, in a letter to the Grodno elder, Yu. Nikolaevich allows them to live in the city on the rights of burghers.
A significant part of the population of Grodno, which is about 10%, were Jews. Back in May 1495, the entire Jewish population of the Republic of Lithuania was expelled from the territory of the state. In 1503, Grand Duke Alexander issued a charter in which he allowed the Jews of Grodno to return and buy back all their property, including a place for a synagogue and a cemetery. In 1507, this charter was confirmed by Sigismund the Old. In the middle of the 16th century, Jews already owned 61 city squares. In 1540, a collection, or a Jewish school, was mentioned.
Tatars, although they did not live in the city and did not purchase real estate in it, but their daily life was strongly connected with Grodno. They settled in the village of Lososno, which was located near the city. В Саратове достаточно
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